Siehe verwandt Was ist Quantencomputing und warum hängt die Zukunft der Erde davon ab?Quantum Computing wird erwachsen
Fundierte Vermutungen deuten darauf hin, dass das Knacken von Kryptografie ein 100-Millionen-Qubit-System erfordern wird, oder das ist die neueste Vorhersage aus einem Artikel in Nature von Forschern des Quantum AI Laboratory von Google. Es wird jedoch erwartet, dass das Erreichen der Quantenüberlegenheit – das Übertreffen bestehender Maschinen – um die viel bescheidenere 50-Qubit-Marke herum erreicht wird.
Um es klar zu sagen, das ist nicht der Punkt, an dem Quantum Ihren Desktop-PC überholt, sondern wenn es den allerbesten Computer übertrifft, den wir bauen können. The fifth fastest supercomputer in the world is Berkeley Lab’s Cori, which earlier this year was used to simulate a 45-qubit machine. Beyond 50-qubits, not even supercomputers will be able to keep up. And how many qubits are we at now?
Last summer at the 4th International Conference on Quantum Technologies, Google announced that it’s working on a 49-qubit machine, although its dramatic announcement was undercut by a team from Harvard University claiming it had successfully made a 51-qubit machine. If those claims are true — they’ve yet to be peer reviewed — we’ve potentially hit quantum supremacy, but we’re still a long way off the full potential of quantum computing. READ NEXT:Quantum computing comes of age Why are so many qubits needed?
In classical computers, it’s easy to check for errors. Quantum computers work in such a wacky way that error checking requires a lot of excess processing power to validate the answer. Researchers are working on building quantum machines that don’t bother with error checking, and they may be the first to arrive, but will have more limited use cases. And when will this all happen?
We’re in the early days of quantum computing. Google’s 49-qubit machine hasn’t even been made yet:it’s merely crowing about the design, which has been tested on a nine-by-one circuit rather than the described seven-by-seven. That said, those same Google researchers predict companies will start seeing returns on their investment into quantum within five years. We won’t have perfectly working quantum computing, but some of the ideas and processing boosts that the research leads to may well be useful before quantum supremacy truly arrives.